Systems Thinking: Applications - Science systems thinking is increasingly being used to tackle a wide variety of subjects in fields such as computing, engineering, epidemiology, information science, health, manufacture, management, and the environment... Some examples: Science of Team Science Organizational architecture Job design Team Population and Work Unit Design Linear and Complex Process Design Supply Chain Design Business continuity planning with FMEA protocol Critical Infrastructure Protection via FBI Infragard Delphi method — developed by RAND for USAF Futures studies — Thought leadership mentoring The public sector including examples at The Systems Thinking Review Leadership development Oceanography — forecasting complex systems behavior Permaculture Quality function deployment (QFD) Quality management — Hoshin planning methods Quality storyboard — StoryTech framework (LeapfrogU-EE) Software quality Program management Project management MECE - McKinsey Wa...
Criticism of EBay: Feedback System - eBay allows buyers to rate any seller using a feedback system that allows both positive and negative comments, however, sellers are prohibited from leaving anything other than positive feedback for buyers... According to critics, weaknesses of the feedback system include: Small and large transactions carry the same weight in the feedback summary...
Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity - This may reflect either a psychophysiological stress response to participating in the study or a more general imbalance in autonomic nervous system regulation... A report from the UK Health Protection Agency said that self-described "electrical sensitivity" sufferers have symptoms that can be grouped into two broad categories: facial skin symptoms and more general, non-specific symptoms across a range of body systems...
Bluetooth Stack: Embedded Implementations - The protocol stack is chipset and operating system independent and supports any Bluetooth HCI chips available... CSR's BCHS or BlueCore Host Software (now called CSR Synergy) provides the upper layers of the Bluetooth protocol stack (above HCI, or optionally RFCOMM) - plus a large library of Profiles - providing a complete system software solution for embedded BlueCore applications...
EBay: Profit and Transactions - For most listing categories, eBay sellers are permitted to offer a variety of payment systems such as PayPal, Paymate, ProPay, and Moneybookers... The eBay fee system is quite complex; there are fees to list a product and fees when the product sells (Final Value Fee), plus several optional adornment fees, all based on various factors and scales...
History of Podcasting: Precursors - Many other jukeboxes and websites in the mid 1990s provided a system for sorting and selecting music or audio files, talk, segue announcements of different digital formats... Independent of the development of podcasting via RSS, a portable player and music download system had been developed at Compaq Research as early as 1999 or 2000... In 1993, the early days of Internet radio, Carl Malamud launched Internet Talk Radio which was the "first computer-radio talk show, each week interviewing a computer expert." It was distributed "as audio files that computer users fetch one by one." The development of downloaded music did not reach a critical mass until the launch of Napster, another system of aggregating music, but without the subscription services provided by podcasting or video blogging aggregation client or system software...
Radiobiology: Areas of Interest - The activity of biological and astronomical systems inevitably generates magnetic and electrical fields, which can be measured with sensitive instruments and which have at times been suggested as a basis for "esoteric" ideas of energy... Biomagnetism - the magnetic properties of living systems (see, for example, the research of David Cohen using SQUID imaging) and Magnetobiology - the study of effect of magnets upon living systems... See also Electromagnetic radiation and health Bioelectromagnetism - the electromagnetic properties of living systems and Bioelectromagnetics - the study of the effect of electromagnetic fields on living systems...
Bluetooth Stack: General-purpose Implementations - Windows Widcomm was the first Bluetooth stack for the Windows operating system. The stack was initially developed by a company named Widcomm Inc., which was acquired by Broadcom Corporation in April 2004...
Bluetooth Protocols - The host stack is generally implemented as part of an operating system, or as an installable package on top of an operating system... It passes packets to either the Host Controller Interface (HCI) or on a hostless system, directly to the Link Manager/ACL link... For integrated devices such as bluetooth headsets, the host stack and controller stack can be run on the same microprocessor to reduce mass production costs; this is known as a hostless system...
Systems Thinking - In science systems, it is argued that the only way to fully understand why a problem or element occurs and persists is to understand the parts in relation to the whole... In nature, systems thinking examples include ecosystems in which various elements such as air, water, movement, plants, and animals work together to survive or perish... In organizations, systems consist of people, structures, and processes that work together to make an organization healthy or unhealthy...
Systems Thinking: The Systems Approach - The systems thinking approach incorporates several tenets: Interdependence of objects and their attributes - independent elements can never constitute a system Holism - emergent properties not possible to detect by analysis should be possible to define by a holistic approach Goal seeking - systemic interaction must result in some goal or final state Inputs and Outputs - in a closed system inputs are determined once and constant; in an open system additional inputs are admitted from the environment Transformation of inputs into outputs - this is the process by which the goals are obtained Entropy - the amount of disorder or randomness present in any system Regulation - a method of feedback is necessary for the system to operate predictably Hierarchy - complex wholes are made up of smaller subsystems Differentiation - specialized units perform specialized functions Equifinality - alternative ways of attaining the same objectives (convergence) Multifinality - attain...
Internet Marketing - Additionally, several major online payment mechanisms (credit cards, PayPal, Google Checkout, etc.) have provided back-end buyer protection systems to address problems if they occur... Online merchants have attempted to address this concern by investing in and building strong consumer brands (e.g., Amazon.com, eBay, and Overstock.com), and by leveraging merchant and feedback rating systems and e-commerce bonding solutions... Digital customer data and electronic customer relationship management (ECRM) systems are also often grouped together under internet marketing...
Radiobiology - The activity of biological and astronomical systems inevitably generates magnetic and electrical fields, which can be measured with sensitive instruments and which have at times been suggested as a basis for "esoteric" ideas of energy... Biomagnetism - the magnetic properties of living systems (see, for example, the research of David Cohen using SQUID imaging) and Magnetobiology - the study of effect of magnets upon living systems... See also Electromagnetic radiation and health Bioelectromagnetism - the electromagnetic properties of living systems and Bioelectromagnetics - the study of the effect of electromagnetic fields on living systems...
Systems Thinking: The Concept of A System - Science systems thinkers consider that: a system is a dynamic and complex whole, interacting as a structured functional unit; energy, material and information flow among the different elements that compose the system; a system is a community situated within an environment; energy, material and information flow from and to the surrounding environment via semi-permeable membranes or boundaries; systems are often composed of entities seeking equilibrium but can exhibit oscillating, chaotic, or exponential behavior... Parts are generally systems themselves and are composed of other parts, just as systems are generally parts or holons of other systems... Science systems and the application of science systems thinking has been grouped into three categories based on the techniques used to tackle a system: Hard systems — involving simulations, often using computers and the techniques of operations research/management science...
List of Acquisitions By EBay: Acquisitions - Acquisition date Company Business Country Value (USD) References 01998-07-16 July 16, 1998 Up4Sale.com Online auction United States — 01999-04-27 April 27, 1999 Butterfield Butterfield Auction house United States $ 10000000260000000000000260,000,000 01999-05-18 May 18, 1999 Billpoint E-commerce payment systems United States — 01999-05-18 May 18, 1999 Kruse International Car-auction company United States — 01999-06-22 June 22, 1999 Alando Auction house Germany $ 1000000004300000000000043,000,000 01999-10 October 1999 Blackthorne Listing Tool United States — 02000-06-13 June 13, 2000 Half.com Online marketplace United States $ 10000000318000000000000318,000,000 02000-12-12 December 12, 2000 Precision Buying Service E-commerce payment systems United States — 02001-01-08 January 8, 2001 Internet Auction Co... Online auction South Korea $...
Cyberculture: Identity in Cyberculture - Some factors may be: Anonymous versus Known Linked to Physical Identity versus Internet-based Identity Only Unrated Commentary System versus Rated Commentary System Positive Feedback-oriented versus Mixed Feedback (positive and negative) oriented Moderated versus Unmoderated See also: Anonymous (group) Many sites allow anonymous commentary, where the user-id attached to the comment is something like "guest" or "anonymous user"...
Strategic Management: Historical Development of Strategic Management - Japanese managers employ a similar system, which originated at Honda, and is sometimes called the 3 G's (Genba, Genbutsu, and Genjitsu, which translate into “actual place”, “actual thing”, and “actual situation”)... He felt that management could use these strategies to systematically prepare for future opportunities and challenges...
Criticism Of EBay - Many complaints have been made about eBay's system of dealing with fraud, leading to its being featured on the British consumer rights television program Watchdog...
Crowdsourcing - Long before modern crowdsourcing systems were developed, there were a number of notable examples of projects that utilized distributed people to help accomplish tasks... For example, the crowd may be invited to develop a new technology, carry out a design task (also known as community-based design or distributed participatory design), refine or carry out the steps of an algorithm (see human-based computation), or help capture, systematize, or analyze large amounts of data (see also citizen science)...
Bluetooth Stack - Embedded system implementations intended for use in devices where resources are limited and demands are lower, such as Bluetooth peripheral devices...
List Of Acquisitions By EBay - Acquisition date Company Business Country Value (USD) References 01998-07-16 July 16, 1998 Up4Sale.com Online auction United States — 01999-04-27 April 27, 1999 Butterfield Butterfield Auction house United States $ 10000000260000000000000260,000,000 01999-05-18 May 18, 1999 Billpoint E-commerce payment systems United States — 01999-05-18 May 18, 1999 Kruse International Car-auction company United States — 01999-06-22 June 22, 1999 Alando Auction house Germany $ 1000000004300000000000043,000,000 01999-10 October 1999 Blackthorne Listing Tool United States — 02000-06-13 June 13, 2000 Half.com Online marketplace United States $ 10000000318000000000000318,000,000 02000-12-12 December 12, 2000 Precision Buying Service E-commerce payment systems United States — 02001-01-08 January 8, 2001 Internet Auction Co... Online auction South Korea...
Wireless - Common examples of wireless equipment include: Telemetry control and traffic control systems Infrared and ultrasonic remote control devices Modulated laser light systems for point to point communications Professional LMR (Land Mobile Radio) and SMR (Specialized Mobile Radio) typically used by business, industrial and Public Safety entities... Global Positioning System (GPS): allows drivers of cars and trucks, captains of boats and ships, and pilots of aircraft to ascertain their location anywhere on earth... The term is commonly used in the telecommunications industry to refer to telecommunications systems (e.g...
Cyberculture - Some factors may be: Anonymous versus Known Linked to Physical Identity versus Internet-based Identity Only Unrated Commentary System versus Rated Commentary System Positive Feedback-oriented versus Mixed Feedback (positive and negative) oriented Moderated versus Unmoderated See also: Anonymous (group) Many sites allow anonymous commentary, where the user-id attached to the comment is something like "guest" or "anonymous user"... Examples include but are not limited to: Blogs Social networks Games Chat Usenet Bulletin Board Systems E-Commerce Peer-to-peer file sharing Virtual worlds Cybersex Internet memes First and foremost, cyberculture derives from traditional notions of culture, as the roots of the word imply...
Crowdsourcing: Crowdsourcers - Researchers have used crowdsourcing systems, in particular Mechanical Turk, to aid with research projects by crowdsourcing aspects of the research process such as data collection, parsing, and evaluation...